The Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde (1856 - 1900) Essays

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1856 - 1900) The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1856 - 1900) Type of Work: Fantasy novel Setting London, England; late nineteenth century Principal Characters Dorian Gray, an extremely handsome young man Basil Hallward, Dorian's older friend, a portrait artist Lord Henry Wotton, Dorian's vile tempter Sibyl Vane, Dorian's actress-lover James Vane, Sibyl's brother Story Overveiw As Basil Hallward artfully put the finishing touches on his full-length portrait of an extraordiiiarily beautiful young man, Lord Henr Wotton paid him a call. Lord Henry mucn admired the painting and desired to meet the subject. The artist objected, knowing the poisonous influence of which Lord Henry was capable; young Dorian Gray was his ideal of purity and had inspired Basil to the most expressive art of his life. Just then, in walked Dorian Gray. Against Hallward's wishes, the two met, and Dorian was immediately taken by Lord Henry's fascinating words, presence and wittiness. Henry flattered Dorian with his comments on the virtues of beauty, the charms of youth, and expressed his sadness at the thought that such youth should fade into the ugliness of age. This caused Dorian to plummet into melancholy. Seeing his portrait for the first time, Dorian gasped at his own beauty. He lamented that the picture would mock him his entire life; age would indeed steal his color and grace: "I know, now, that when one loses one's good looks, whatever they may be, one loses everything ... Lord Henry Wotton is perfectly right. Youth is the only thing worth having. When I find that I am growing old, I shall kill myself." Then he wished instead that the picture might grow old while he remained forever young: "I would give everything. I would give my soul for that!" Alarmed by these passions in the young man, Hallward attempted to destroy the painting, but Dorian stopped him and had it taken home that very evening. After that first meeting, Dorian and Lord Henry became fast friends and frequent partners at local theatres. Henry presented Dorian with a gift - a book about a young man's passions, sins and vileness. Dorian became captivated by its plot. For years he leafed through its pages - anct the book became an entrenched, tragic guide in the life of Dorian Gray. Dorian met and fell madly in love with Sibyl Vane, a beautiful and talented actress who was portraying Juliet in a cheap theatrical troupe. But the night Dorian invited Lord fienry and Basil Hallward to meet his new love, her performance was lifeless. She was hissed and booed by even the uneducated audience. Afterward, she joyfully explained to the disappointed Dorian that her love for her "Prince Charming," - as she knew him - had transformed her from a mere actress into a real woman. Dorian coldly shunned her, admitting that his love for her had been killed, and vowed that he would see her no more. On returning home, he was surprised to notice that the face in his painting had changed. A touch of cruelty now lined the mouth. His wish that the painting might be seared with suffering and guilt while his own face was left untarnished, had been granted! But now he pitied the portrait and resolved to live a pure life. He would return to Sibyl and marry her. He would see no more of the selfish Lord Henry. Dorian wrote Sibyl a passionate letter and fell asleep, confident that he would make amends to Sybil the following day. However, that next morning Lord Henry brought bad news: in grief, Sibyl had killed herself during the night. Lord Henry charmed the devastated youth, urging him to imagine the tragedy as a drama, with Juliet or Ophelia the victims, not the flesh-and-blood Sibyl. No, she will never come to life. She has played her last part ... To you at least she was always a dream, a phantom that flitted through Shakespeare's plays ... But don't waste your tears over Sibyl Vatic. She was less real than they are. Now Dorian forgot his good resolutions. If fate would deal unjustly with him, he, in turn, determined to give himself up to a life of pleasure and let the portrait bear the burden of his corrupting soul. Eternal youth, wild joys, infinite passion would be his. Horrified at Dorian's lack of remorse and feeling, Basil Hallward tried to reason with him. But Dorian was unmoved. He continued to guard the secret of the portrait from Basil, first covering it a with a sheet, and later moving it to an upstairs room, unopened since his grandfather had died mere five

Essay RenadA ENG3UR U2L7a1

Essay RenadA ENG3UR U2L7a1 Essay RenadA ENG3UR U2L7a1 Lord of the Flies Literary Essay Symbolism is a very important element that is used in many novels. In William Goldings Lord of the Flies, the use of symbolism is very present and is shown through objects and characters. In Lord of the Flies, Simon symbolises the natural goodness in a human being. He is compassionate towards other people's feelings which shows true kindness. He helps other people out without needing any reasons for doing so, and he also is the only boy on the island that finds out the real truth about the beast. Even though Simon didn't really fit in well with the other boys on the island, he still remained very wise and tried his best to make a difference in other people's lives and his too. In the novel, Simon was described as a "skinny, vivid little boy...," (24) showing that he might have been weaker than the others physically, but not mentally. Despite his size, he still tried to help other people out on the island as best as he could. When the littluns could n ot reach the fruit, "Simon found for them the fruit they could not reach, pulled off the choicest from up in the foliage, passed them back down to the endless, outstretched hands." (56) He also was the only person that helped Ralph build shelters, while everybody else was doing their own thing, and having fun. Ralph said, "...I work all day with nothing but Simon...," (54) which shows that even though Simon could be doing his own thing like everybody else was, he stayed and helped Ralph out just for the good of it. The other boys on the island thought of Simon as "..queer...funny," (55) because he was rather odd, always going away in the forest alone for long periods of time. Every time Simon tried to talk to the other boys, his "effort fell about him in ruins; the laughter beat him cruelly and he shrank away defenseless in his seat." (89) Even though he was considered an outcast by the other boys, he still thought of other people's feelings, even though they didn't think of his. In the end, he was trying more to tell the boys what he knew, but they just thought he was weird. He told Ralph, 'You'll get back alright.';(111) Ralph's response was only that he thought Simon was 'batty.'; In another instance, he went to tell the others that he found out what the beast really was (the parachutist), but got caught in their bestial dance. They heard him 'crying something about a body on the hill,'; (152) but it was too late. In the darkness, he had been mistaken for the beast and was killed. Although Simon's life was a short one and he did not have the time to go through much change, he proved that there was hope for being rescued. He may have been an outcast and slightly weird, but he knew that everything would be just fine. Had he lived through the assault that took his life, the other boys would have seen that he was not as strange as they thought he was. It always seems that the children who know the most are mistaken for something else and are automatically sing led out. Finally, the good or moral person should be someone who stands up for what is right regardless of what others think, is willing to sacrifice for the greater good and is a very rational person. In the novel, Simon is the character who is shown as the good that exists in our society. First, Simon openly admits that he does not believe in the beast. Regardless of what the other boys think of him, he stands his ground. Secondly, Simon sacrifices his free time to help Ralph build shelter for all the boys. Although this involves much labour and hard work, he is willing to do anything he can to help out. Lastly, Simon is one of the only boys who does not jump to conclusions when rumors and stories of the beast begin to surface. Simon is the morally good boy. His selflessness and goodness comes from within. He is kind to the little boys, and helps the outcasts. For example, when none of the boys want to give Piggy meat from the first pig, Simon steps up and takes

Direct Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Direct Marketing - Essay Example It is a system of interactive marketing which is aimed at maintaining and building long term relationships with customers through the products and services offerings (Koekemoer & Bird, 2004, p.332). On the other hand, mass marketing aims to target the total market without emphasising on specific market segments. In such a case, the marketer believes that the entire market would be satisfied through the single product offering. The product is offered in the market with minimum or completely no variation in the marketing. It includes a single price, one single promotional campaign targeting the entire market and also a single method of distribution (Strydom, 2001, p.61). This is a relatively less costly affair which includes only a single standard package using one promotional message. Some of the common differences between the two are discussed as follows. The traditional advantages associated with mass marketing are that the production costs remains low because of a single production run for a product which is homogeneous in nature. The advertising cost also remains low because of the launch of a single campaign. It also does not require extensive market research which is why the cost associated with market research also remains low (Strydom, 2001, p.62). ... It is said that the strategies for direct marketing must be in alignment and should be guided by the marketing strategy of the organisation on the whole. It shows the way in which the customers can be reached on a one to one basis. This includes determining the product strategies, setting the price and arranging for the distribution. The L. L. Bean Inc. targets the outdoor apparel niche by the use of catalogue marketing. Many companies have used direct marketing to communicate with the target market. For example, Dell Inc. employs sales contact directly with the business customers, internet sales and telephone sales (Cravens, 2009, 377). Dell Inc. is also said to be using the internet for providing customers with the necessary information prior to taking an order over the telephone. The following paragraph discusses some of the common features of both forms of marketing. In term of the costs involved, direct marketing is said to be less costly as compared to mass marketing because it targets less number of people and is carefully aimed at a selected few. It would be more applicable for businesses which have a small or medium target market and which has string prospects. For example, the TV home shopping channels, like Home Shopping network is one the modes of direct marketing (Kennedy, 2006, p.3). In other words, direct marketing involves an one to one customer relationship on the basis of personalized communications (Stone & Jacobs, 2007, p.10). Another basic difference between the two is that direct marketing has a greater conversion rate than mass marketing. It is likely to be surer of converting the first person it targets before moving to its next target. Also,

Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin - Essay Example This is a clear indication that his theme of self-improvement emanates to as early as that tender age of twelve (Franklin 1899). Later on, it happened that he quarreled with his brother and he left for Philadelphia, where he got a job as a printer. This was not to last long and he left for London, where he met no fulfilling promises and then went back to Philadelphia, where he worked for a business (Leo 1986). Upon the death of the business owner, he left to establish his own printing firm, where his journal, the â€Å"Pennsylvania Gazette† when he stopped writing for the journal, he embarked on printing on it â€Å"Father Abraham’s sermon† the greatest of his works that rose him to the hall of fame, he belongs to till today (Franklin 1899). All this are illustrations of his theme of self- improvement, in that from the point he quarreled with his brother, he proceeded to seek ways to earn a living, working under different people in different fields. He emerges as a positive minded personality who struggled to make ends meet with a dream that never died to excel in the writing and publishing field (Stuber 1790). By stating, that he emerged from a state of poverty to that of affluence and fame in his autobiography further indicates the strength of the theme of self-improvement in his life (Leo 1986). He describes through his reference to personal pride that he upheld, which for some reasons created a room for change and improvements that enabled him achieve the success that he did achieved during his life time (Franklin 1899). According to him, self-pride is not evil, since it is the seed planted to reap improvements and advances in personal character traits, which are Congruent with the achievement of success. During his years at grammar school at a tender age of eight, he proved to be an excellent student. Through self-improvement, he managed to rise his position from that at the middle of the class performance to be the head of the class. This saw him moved to the next class, before his duration for the first class was over. Unfortunately, this was not long lasting and he was moved out of school to support his father’s business at the age of ten (Franklin 1899). In recounting his events, he had a liking for seafarer that his father so much opposed. However, he did all he could in his means to become an excellent one, leading the other boys. All this demonstrates the spirit of self-improvement that developed at a very tender age. Worth noting is the fact that in his family, inheritance was passed on to the first son, and thus being the last one, the hopes of any good life were extinguished by such default (Stuber 1790). More of his self-improvement theme is discovered when he states that he had not a good access to books while working under his brother, but he could borrow one in the evening, read it the whole night and return it early morning to avoid the book being noticed missing (Leo 1986). His self-improve ment theme, as advanced by his autobiography, he came up with a scheme to leave a legacy. This he did by setting up an academy, which later translated to a university. This alone was not enough, so he went on to founding the â€Å"American Philosophical Society.† The intentions of this was to provide the other scientific

Risk Behaviours of Cardiovascular Diseases Study

Risk Behaviours of Cardiovascular Diseases Study Title of the Study To identify the prevalence of ineffective physical activity and unhealthy dietary pattern among MSc Nursing students; could lead to cardiovascular diseases. Significance of the Research Problem Global Burden of Cardio Vascular Diseases: There are many risk factors associated with coronary heart disease. Some risk factors such as age, ethnicity and family history, cannot be changed. Additional risk factors that can be treated or changed which include tobacco exposure, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, unhealthy diets, and harmful use of alcohol. In terms of attribute global deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure 13%, tobacco use 9%, raised blood glucose 6%, physical inactivity 6 % and overweight and obesity 5% (World Health Organization, 2012). Low- and middle-income countries are disproportionally affected: over 80% of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur almost equally in men and women (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). The number of people, who die from CVDs, mainly from heart disease and stroke, will increase to reach 23.3 million by 2030 (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes and raised lipids. Cardiovascular diseases and Ineffective physical activity: Insufficient physical activity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality. People who are insufficiently physically active have a 20 to 30 percent increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those who engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week. In 2008, 31.3% of adults aged 15 or older (28.2% men and 34.4%) were insufficiently physically active. Cardiovascular diseases and unhealthy dietary patterns: Approximately 16 million and 1.7 million of deaths worldwide are attributing to low fruit and vegetable consumption (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Frequent consumption of high-energy foods, such as processed foods that are high in fat and sugar, promotes obesity compared to low-energy foods. Adequate consumption of fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of Cardio Vascular Disease. A healthy diet can contribute to a healthy body weight, a desirable lipid profile and a desirable blood pressure (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Risk Behaviors The vulnerable populations of MSc Nursing students are at high risk of developing such risky behaviors that might endanger their own lives. Although, the above behaviors are modifiable but due to shortage of time and increase load of studies, students are seems careless of their diets and physical activity. Purpose The purpose of this study is to look for the two main risk behaviors of cardio vascular diseases among MSc Nursing students. These are: Ineffective physical exercise. Unhealthy diet. Research Questions What is the prevalence of ineffective physical activity among MSc Nursing students? What is the Prevalence of unhealthy dietary pattern among MSc Nursing students? Target Population The target population for this study would be the existing students of, Masters of Science in Nursing of the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design This would be a descriptive cross sectional study design. Key Study Variables The key variables of the study would be ineffective physical activity and unhealthy diet. Operational Definitions of the Study Variables Ineffective Physical Activity Ineffective physical activity can be defined as ‘less than five times 30 minutes of moderate*activity per week, or less than three times 20 minutes of vigorous activity** per week, or equivalent(Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). *Moderate activity level Your heart beats faster than normal; you can talk but not sing. Examples include fast walking, aerobics class, doing weights, or swimming gently. **Vigorous activity level Your heart beat increases a lot; you can’t talk or your talk is broken up by large breaths. Examples include jogging, running, basketball, or hiking up a steep hill (World Heart Federation Organization, 2014). Unhealthy Diet: High dietary intakes of saturated fat*, trans-fats** and salt, and low intake of fruits, vegetables and fish (white meat) are linked to cardiovascular risk (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). *Saturated fats found primarily in animal sources including red meat and whole milk dairy products. **Trans fats found in vegetable shortenings, some margarines, crackers, candies, cookies, snack foods, fried foods, baked goods, and other processed foods made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (World Heart Federation Organization, 2014). Hypothesis There is a prevalence of unhealthy diet among MScN students. There is a prevalence of ineffective physical activity among MScN students. Description of the Questionnaire A questionnaire is formulated to test the hypothesis under the light of the research question. The questionnaire comprises of the following three parts. Demographic information: The first part addresses the basic demographic information. The aim of acquiring the demographic information from the participants is to gather a baseline data about the key characteristics of the sample. Moreover demographic variables will be needed to assess the similarities and differences between the participants and characterize them accordingly. A total of 6 items are included in this section. The demographic characteristics included in the questionnaire comprises of name which is kept optional. The other components of this part include age, gender, ethnicity, family history related to (angina, stroke, diabetes, and kidney disorder), use of any medications, language, and family relationships. We make this form with the help of available literature and exclude other points like education level, because it is already known from sample. Physical Activity The second part consists of 12 items modified and derived from the Healthy heart questionnaire, which develops by Colorado Public Health Research. We modified it according to the developing country life style. We adopt the pattern of multiple choice and nominal scale for clarification of analysis (Colorado Public Health Research, 2010). For fulfilling the purpose we include the questions related to WHO definitions and for making user friendly, we have given the conceptual definition of the moderate, light and vigorous exercises in easy English words, and these definitions are also derived from American Heart Association guidelines. Dietary Pattern The third part of the questionnaire comprises questions related to dietary pattern. These questions are derived and modified from American Heart Association and American Nutrition guidelines. The scale includes; more than once a day, about once a day, 2-3 times a week, about once a week, 1-3 times a month, and less than once a month, for accuracy of the data of the nutritional status (Colorado Public Health Research 2010). Assumptions underlying the Statistical tests to be used The analysis of the data would be done through available valid statistical software like SPSS 19.0. For the purpose of analyzing the data three statistical tests would be applied in order to measure different levels of association between the key variables. The demographic information would be presented through descriptive statistical analysis (Beitz, 2008). This would include measures of central tendency like (mean, median and mode) to describe the overall demographic characteristics of the study population. Apart from the measures of central tendency, percent analysis (Beitz, 2008) would be used to determine the presence and overall prevalence of ineffective physical activity among study participants. Also percent analysis would be used to determine the unhealthy dietary pattern. In order to determine the association between various demographic variables like age, gender, height and weight of sample size individuals, univariate analysis would be used while determining that the obse rvations would be independent of each other. Population is normally distributed and assuming the homogeneity among the population variances (Bluman, 2011). Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis would be used to examine the strength and nature (positive, negative, inverse, none) of 2 variables of cardio vascular disease. With unhealthy dietary habit, keeping in mind the four assumptions of correlation i.e. the variables should be measured in interval and ratio scale, variables should have a linear relationship between the two, there, all significant outliers should be predicted and removed and the variables should be approximately normally distributed (Beitz, 2008). Effectiveness and Correctness of the Tool Pre –testing of the tool In order to test the effectiveness and correctness of the tool, the tool was pilot tested among three fellows from the MScN students from our class. The tool was distributed for filling the form. The feedback which was received from fellows is quite helpful .While testing the questionnaire; we identified a few components that needed to be modified. Firstly, they identified that in dietary pattern, if we add the instruction that tick the examples mention in bullets so it would be helpful to analyze that which type of ingredient is more common in our population. Secondly they suggest that the BMI should be added in the questionnaire with that feedback we respond that we asked in our questionnaire about weight and height which is equivalent to BMI therefore it was not added in the questionnaire. The feedback was taken as a positive critical reflection and first advice would be incorporated in the final questionnaire for the study purpose. Reflection Overall the questionnaire development was a stimulating and challenging task. The process of questionnaire development in itself is quite difficult as it requires researchers to critically analyze the hypothesis and research questions and formulate such questions that fulfill the overall inquiry of the subject understudy while excluding the unnecessary those details which are not suitable for developing country. In conclusion, the tool development task was a vigorous exercise that would help us to develop an effective tool for our thesis in particular. The pilot testing was an effective strategy to be kept in mind while developing the final tool. Acknowledgement We would like to thank Dr. Raisa Gul and Ms. Yasmin Parpio for their valuable support and guidance throughout the process of the questionnaire development. We would also like to acknowledge and thank all the three study participants who co-operated with us and provided us their valuable time and required data to test the questionnaire.

Network Design Proposal

Unlimited Security International is a diversified company composed of two segments (Security Solutions, and Fire Protection) that provides vital products and services to customers around the world. Security Solutions: Sell, designs, installs and maintains integrated systems to detect intrusion, control access and react to movement, fire, smoke, flooding, environmental conditions, industrial processes and other hazards. Fire Protection: Sell, designs, installs and maintains fire detection, fire sprinkler, fire suppression, emergency communications, and nurse call systems in both new and existing facilities.Our global reach allows us to anticipate changes across geographies and industries, and deploy the right solutions rapidly. In the most challenging and demanding environments, we help our customers achieve their safety, security and business goals. Unlimited Security International is a market leader in the $100 billion+ global fire protection and security solutions industries. Our 2 25,000 employees take great pride in knowing that they make a difference in the world: their work helps protect and safeguard people and property. Our products and solutions help protect:80% of the world’s top retailers More than 1,000,000 fire fighters around the world 300 international airports 100+ major stadiums around the world 200+ hospitals around the world Nearly 9 million commercial, government and residential customers Communications Methods used by Unlimited Security International1. Desktop computers – Used by management, sales, service, and administrative workers to conduct daily transactions, email, and training. 2. Plain old telephone service- Used to conduct routine conversations with customers, and field technicians. 3. VoIP – Used to conduct secure conversations within the organization. 4. Video teleconference, conference calls, and Web-Cast – Used for training, passing word, analyzing plans while saving money from travel expenses. 5. Lap top computers and VPN’s – Used by management, and mobile employees. 6. PDA’s – Used by remote employees to view, and update  plans and documents. 7. Smart phones – Used by mobile employees 8. Wireless network 9. Global Positioning System – Track vehicle location and usageProtocols802.1q (VLAN) 802.3an 802.11n 802.16 (WiMAX) Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Domain Name Service (DNS) Ipv4 Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Hypertext Transport Protocol Secure (HTTP) Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) Session Description Protocol (SDP) Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)Management and MonitoringThe goal of our network fault management and monitoring is to detect, log, notify users of, and (to the extent possible) automatically fix network problems to keep the network running effective ly. Fault Management—Detect, isolate, notify, and correct faults encountered in the network. Configuration Management—Configuration aspects of network devices such as configuration file management, inventory management, and software management.Performance Management—Monitor and measure various aspects of performance so that overall performance can be maintained at an acceptable level. Security Management—Provide access to network devices and corporate  resources to authorized individuals. Accounting Management—Usage information of network resources. The management and monitoring platform will include:Network discovery Topology mapping of network elements Event handler Performance data collector and grapher Management data browserTrivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) and system log (syslog) servers are crucial components of this troubleshooting infrastructure. The TFTP server is used primarily for storing configuration files and software images fo r network devices. The routers and switches are capable of sending system log messages to a syslog server. The messages facilitate the troubleshooting function when problems are encountered.Security ManagementThe goal of our security management is to control access to network resources according to local guidelines so that the network cannot be sabotaged (intentionally or unintentionally). The security management subsystem can monitor users logging on to a network resource, refusing access to those who enter inappropriate access codes. Use the following methods of controlling access on the routers and switches: Access Control Lists (ACL)User IDs and passwords local to the device Terminal Access Controller Access Control System (TACACS)TACACS is an Internet Engineering Task Force (RFC 1492) standard security protocol that runs between client devices on a network and against a TACACS server. TACACS is an authentication mechanism that is used to authenticate the identity of a device se eking remote access to a privileged database. Variations of TACACS include TACACS+, the AAA architecture that separates authentication, authorization, and accounting functions. AuthenticationAuthentication is the way a user is identified prior to being allowed access to the router or switch. There is a fundamental relationship between authentication and authorization. The more authorization privileges a user receives, the stronger the authentication will be.AuthorizationAuthorization provides remote access control, including one-time authorization and authorization for each service that is requested by the user.Accounting Accounting allows for the collecting and sending of security information used for billing, auditing, and reporting, such as user identities, start and stop times, and executed commands. Network managers can track the services that users are accessing as well as the amount of network resources they are consuming.Unified Communications1. Unified Messaging (Voice, Ema il & Fax) 2. Mobility 3. Audio & Video Conferencing 4. Core UC (VoIP, IM, Group chat, webconferencing) 5. PBX Integration and/or Replacement 6. Contact Center 7. Communication enabled Business Process (CEBP)Protocols1. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 2. Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) 3. Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) 4. Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP)

Application of Simulation Technique in Queuing Model for ATM Facility Essay

1.0 Issues/ Problem Statement: Most of the ATMs have the problem of long queue of customers to undergo simple transaction at the peak hours and remain idle due to the lack of customer entry at the off peak hours. 2.0 Objectives: 1. To develop a simulation model to reduce the waiting time of customers and the total operation cost related to ATM installation. 2. To determine whether only one machine is required to fulfill the need or two more machines are needed to be installed to give comfort to customers who are really of short period of time. 3. To develop an efficient procedure for ATM queuing problem 3.0 Literature Review: Apart from ATM problem, simulation with queuing model had been used for various applications too: According to Pieter Tjerk de Boer (1983), substantial focus has been dedicated to the estimation of overflow probabilities in queuing networks. A different adaptive method has applied to queuing problems than in the present work with few simple models been considered.The article of S. S. Lavenberg(1989) has discussed that simulation is feasible for statistically studying a complex queuing model. Moderate simulation durations are found to be sufficient to obtain precise confidence interval estimates. As current configuration at each step of savings or insertion procedures is possibly infeasible, thus the alternative configuration is one that yields the largest savings in some criterion functions with these procedures can be found in Clarke and Wright (1964) or in Solomon (1987). Christofides et al (1981) has discussed Lagrangean relaxation procedures for the queuing of customer in front of ATM. Interactive optimization is incorporated into the problem-solving process with adaptations of this approach to queuing are presented by Krolak et al (1970). Brame and SimchiLevi (1995) has illustrated simulation model is worked by initially introducing the location based heuristic for general queuing problem as a location problem which is solved subsequently and the solution is transformed into solution to the queuing problem. 4.0 Methodology: Simulation technique in queuing model is used for solving ATM waiting time problem since this problem cannot be solved with mathematical techniques and physical experimentation. Simulation technique helps identifying the pitfalls of existing 3 ATM services of 3 different banks at VIT (Vellore Institute of Technology). Initially, the simulation is being applied to see the rate of entry and exit, the waiting time of a customer with the ATM machine’s idle time after observation of the similar and continuous trend on weekdays and weekends separately. The next step i.e. utilize queuing model to examine the number of customers in the system to the customers wait before being served, thereby it proposes a new ATM service from any of these banks or other than the existing banks based upon the service required from the customers. A suitable simulation technique is also formulated to reduce idle time of servers and waiting time of customers for any bank having ATM facility. 5.0 Findings: The overall result shows the comparison between the three banks based on several characteristic, by applying mathematical formula, the simulation technique and queuing theory. From the simulation result, Indian Bank weekend has the lowest expected time customer spends in the system, 80; whereas Indian Bank weekdays free and Centurion bank have the highest in expected time customer spends in the system that is 120. Apart from that, the result also shows Indian Bank weekdays free and Centurion Bank has the 0 time for the customer expected to wait, whereas SBI weekend has the highest expected waiting time per customer, 12. From the queuing result, Centurion Bank has the lowest expected time customer spend in the system that is 189, whereas Indian Bank weekdays free, SBI weekdays free and SBI weekend has showed the highest, 250. For the expected waiting time per customer, Centurion Bank has showed the lowest 69, whereas SBI weekend with the highest result, 159. 6.0 Discussions: By taking one day as a standard, a heavy crowd is found in prime hours during the weekdays in Indian Bank and SBI ATMs, the equipment ATM is 100% utilized by the customers. Utilization factor for Indian Bank and SBI in the non-busy hours is 50% and 55% respectively. In weekend period, the utilization factor for Indian Bank and SBI is 62% and 64% respectively. The reason shows that the SBI has obtained the highest utilization factor among the other 2 banks is because of the customers do not face the â€Å"Out of Service Problem† which is frequently occurred in Indian Bank and Centurion Bank, with an average of two times in a week. However, it takes more time to reload the currency in the ATM machine than Indian Bank in SBI. Few customers have the ATM transaction with Centurion Bank because of the dissatisfaction on its customer service and the minimum number of branches throughout the India. In addition, from the tabulate results, SBI ATM has obtained the minimum Ws and Wq than the other two banks which imply that it has attained the customer satisfaction on its services. 7.0 Recommendations: Every aspect that has an effect on making the waiting time longer in the ATM should be taken into the consideration. The aspects like the people that are not well versed with ATM, customers who have stand in the queue and leave, the time the workers take to feed the ATM with currency, out of stock situation and holidays which mostly after exams the utility of ATM should be taken into account of the waiting problem. Another recommendation is the sample size should be extended into larger sample size and more days of observation to obtain more accurate results. In addition, the consideration of waiting cost and service cost can help developing an efficient procedure for ATM queuing problem and to find out the best ATM facility. 8.0 Conclusion: Queuing Model and Simulation Model(SM) are used to define the queuing problems in terms of decision making to reduce the customer’s waiting time. After comparing the customers’ behaviour on different TM service at VIT, a new ATM machine (SBI) should be installed in men’s hostel to facilitate more customers towards the service by reducing the customers cost and service cost for the long run’s benefit. 9.0 Personal Comment/ opinion: In the last ten years, simulation software and methodology has been developed and used in the bank services. The previous sections have shown that using the simulation technique can increase sustainability of a bank with better customer service and enhanced customer satisfaction. However, this simulation technique is not limited only in modeling the customer in a bank, but the same concept can also be applied in defining and analyzing the model of a system or problem in the banking areas. Other areas can be modeled in banking areas such as customer flows to evaluate alternative layout within a branch bank, cash flows between branches and the bank’s central office. Once these models developed, it can easily be used to examine the effect of different parameters on the variables in the model.